3种华南商用藤材的解剖特性

藤材的解剖结构与藤材性能及其加工利用密切相关.研究藤材的基本解剖特性,对于藤材的归类、开发利用和加工改性等具有重要的指导作用.藤材的商业化取决于以下因素:可及性、直径、节间长度、颜色以及加工特性,这些都基于藤材的基本特性,主要是解剖构造(Walter,1996).商业藤材一般具有以下特征(Walter,1996):
1)藤茎的维管束分布均衡,在横截面上,纤维占20﹪～25﹪,输导细胞占15﹪,基本薄壁细胞占30﹪～35﹪;

2)纤维帽尺寸相等,纤维长度一致,多层结构细胞壁;

3)基本薄壁组织细胞小而且壁厚多层.维管束分布密度及纤维成分与输导成分的比例,纹孔、导管孔径的大小,对藤茎的坚韧程度影响都很大,纤维含量可作为藤茎坚硬度的指标,至于韧性还得考虑到纤维细胞的数量与输导组织成分的比例状况,特别是大型导管孔径的大小等,这些都是选择优良品种的主要依据(腰希申等,1998).
The prevention of discoloration of three kinds of rattan canes, i. e. , Calamus simplicifolius, Calamus tetradactylus, Daemonorups margaritae, was discussed in this paper. The pre-treatment, such as extraction of hot water and alcohol-benzene and PEG spread, was used to prevent the rattan canes discoloration. 1000 and 4000 molecular weight of PEG was chosen in the experiment. The result showed that the value of L(superscript *) and a(superscript *) changed remarkably and that of b(superscript *) was increased with the extraction pre- treatment by xenon lamp light irradiation for 84 h. The value of L(superscript *) was decreased clearly with extraction of hot water, a(superscript *) was change slightly and b(superscript *) was increased with extraction of hot water and alcohol-benzene. From the point of view of practical uses, the extraction of hot water was better than that of alcohol-benzene. The value of L(superscript *), a(superscript *) and b(superscript *) of the rattan canes treated with PEG spread was decreased. The influence of the concentration of PEG solution was different with the three of rattan canes and the value of L(superscript *), a(superscript *) and b(superscript *) between the molecular weight of PEG 1000 and 4000 had a small difference. Comparing with the extraction of hot water and PEG spread treatment, it is indicated that the former exceeded the latter. Along with increase of the irradiation time, the L(superscript *) of the rattan canes treated with PEG spread was increased. It is suggested that extraction of hot water and PEG spread should be used together for the prevention of the rattan canes discoloration in the future.